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ENGINEERING
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Engineering is the
discipline of
acquiring and applying
scientific and
technical
knowledge to
design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes.
The
American Engineers' Council for Professional
Development, also known as ECPD, (later
ABET
[2])
defines Engineering as: "The creative application of scientific
principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or
manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in
combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of
their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating
conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation
and safety to life and property." One who practices engineering is
called an
engineer, and
those licensed to do so have formal designations such as
Professional Engineer,
Chartered Engineer
or
Incorporated Engineer.
The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of specialized
sub disciplines
that focus on the issues associated with developing a specific kind of
product, or using a specific type of technology.
Technology
From Wikipedia, the free encycloped
Manufacturing engineering is defined by
the
Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME) as "that specialty of professional engineering which requires such
education and experience as is necessary to understand, apply, and
control engineering procedures in manufacturing processes and methods of
production of industrial commodities and products; and requires that
ability to plan the practices of manufacturing, to research and develop
the tool, processes, machines and equipment, and to integrate the
facilities and systems for producing quality products with optimal
expenditure."
All products from
aircraft and
automobiles to
computers and
toys must be
manufactured. Manufacturing engineering encompasses the science and art
of making quality products at a reasonable cost. It is a
multidisciplinary field including elements of
mechanical engineering,
industrial engineering,
materials science
and
electrical engineering.
The core areas of manufacturing engineering include manufacturing
processes, planning,
quality control,
tool design,
robotics,
computer-aided design
and
computer-aided manufacturing
Inventor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An inventor is a person who creates or
discovers new methods, means, or devices for performing a task. The
word "inventor" comes form the
latin verb
invenire, invent-, to find.[1][2]
Though most commonly used to specifically describe those who have been
granted a
patent (see
inventor (patent)),
casual usage generally encompases those performing creative acts in
categories well beyond those recognized by governments in the grant of
exclusionary rights.
Applied science
-
From Wikipedia, the free encycloped
Applied science is the application of
knowledge from one or more
natural scientific
fields to solving practical problems. Fields of
engineering are
applied sciences. Applied science is important for
technology
development. Its use in industrial settings is usually referred to as
research and development
(R&D).
Technology and Engineering
Expansion
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
With the rapid advancement of
Technology many
new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such
as
Computer Engineering,
Nanotechnology,
Molecular engineering,
Mechatronics etc.
These new specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and
form new branches such as Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics and
Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Biotechnology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biotechnology is
technology
based on
biology,
especially when used in
agriculture,
food science,
and
medicine. The
United Nations
Convention on Biological Diversity
has come up with one of many definitions of biotechnology:
Biotechnology is a popular term for the
generic technology of the 21st century. Although it has been utilized
for centuries in traditional production processes, modern
biotechnology is only 50 years old and in the last decades it has been
witnessing tremendous developments. Bioengineering is the science upon
which all Biotechnological applications are based. With the
development of new approaches and modern techniques, traditional
biotechnology industries are also acquiring new horizons enabling them
to improve the quality of their products and increase the productivity
of their systems.
Before 1971, the term, biotechnology,
was primarily used in the
food processing
and
agriculture
industries. Since the 1970s, it began to be used by the Western
scientific establishment to refer to laboratory-based techniques being
developed in biological research, such as
recombinant DNA
or
tissue culture-based
processes. In fact, the term should be used in a much broader sense to
describe the whole range of methods, both ancient and modern, used to
manipulate
organic to
reach the demands of food production. So the term could be defined as,
"The application of indigenous and/or scientific knowledge to the
management of (parts of) microorganisms, or of cells and tissues of
higher organisms, so that these supply goods and services of use to
the food industry and its consumers.
Biotechnology combines disciplines like
genetics,
molecular biology,
biochemistry,
embryology and
cell biology,
which are in turn linked to practical disciplines like
chemical engineering,
information technology,
and
robotics.
Mechanical engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mechanical Engineering is an engineering
discipline that involves the application of
principles of physics
for analysis,
design,
manufacturing,
and maintenance of
mechanical
systems. It
requires a solid understanding of key concepts including
mechanics,
kinematics,
thermodynamics
and
energy.
Practitioners of mechanical engineering, known as mechanical engineers,
use these principles and others in the design and analysis of
automobiles,
aircraft, heating
& cooling systems, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and
machinery, medical devices and more.
Electrical engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electrical engineering — sometimes
referred to as electrical and electronic engineering — is an
engineering field
that deals with the study and application of
electricity,
electronics and
electromagnetism.
The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth
century after commercialization of the electric
telegraph and
electrical power supply. The field now covers a range of sub-studies
including
power,
electronics,
control systems,
signal processing
and
telecommunications.
Electrical engineering may or may not encompass
electronic engineering.
Where a distinction is made, electrical engineering is considered to deal
with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as
power transmission
and
motor control,
whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale
electronic systems including
computers and
integrated circuits.
Another way of looking at the distinction is that electrical engineers are
usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while
electronics engineers are concerned with using electricity to transmit
information
Engineering
management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Engineering management is a field that
bridges the gap between
engineering and
management.
Engineering management involves the overall
management of organizations with an orientation to manufacturing,
engineering,
technology or
production. Programs are available that provide
Bachelor's,
Master's and
Ph.D degrees.
Undergraduate programs provide generalist degrees that enable
engineers to
better deal in the business environment. Master of engineering
management (MEM) provide a technical-based alternative to traditional
MBA programs.
Industrial and professional associations such as engineers' societies
also offer certification programs that validate engineering management
knowledge and skills. Specialization areas in both degree and
certification programs may include management of technology, product
and process, quality, organizational management, operations
management, program management,
marketing and
finance.
Engineering management education is generally
imparted at the graduate level. Candidates are required possess an
academic
undergraduate
degree with a major in engineering,
computer science,
mathematics or
the
sciences. The
length of study for such a degree is usually between a year and two
and the completed degree may be designated as a Master of Engineering
Management, MS in Engineering Management, MS in Technology or
Innovation Management or MS in Management Science & Engineering,
depending upon the
university. The
degree generally includes units covering Management, Innovation,
Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Finance and Project Management, among
many others. Students often choose to specialize in one or more
sub-disciplines such as Marketing, Finance, Healthcare and Energy.
Chemical
engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical engineering is the branch
of
engineering
that deals with the application of
physical science
(e.g.
chemistry and
physics),
with
mathematics,
to the process of converting raw
materials or
chemicals
into more useful or valuable forms. As well as producing useful
materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering
valuable new materials and techniques; an important form of
research and development.
A person employed in this field is called a
chemical engineer.
Chemical engineering largely involves the
design and maintenance of chemical processes for large-scale
manufacture. Chemical engineers in this branch are usually employed
under the title of process engineer. The development of the
large-scale processes characteristic of industrialized economies is
a feat of chemical engineering, not chemistry. Indeed, chemical
engineers are responsible for the availability of the modern
high-quality materials that are essential for running an industrial
economy.
Biomedical
engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biomedical engineering (BME)
is the application of engineering principles and techniques to the
medical field. It combines the design and problem solving skills of
engineering
with the medical and biological science to help improve patient
health care and the quality of life of healthy individuals.
As a relatively new discipline, much of the
work in biomedical engineering consists of
research and development,
covering an array of fields:
bioinformatics,
medical imaging,
image processing,
physiological signal processing,
biomechanics,
biomaterials
and
bioengineering,
systems analysis,
3-D modeling,
etc. Examples of concrete applications of biomedical
engineering are the development and manufacture of biocompatible
prostheses,
medical devices,
diagnostic devices and imaging equipment such as
MRIs and
EEGs, and
pharmaceutical
drugs.
Aerospace
engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aerospace engineering is the branch
of
engineering
that concerns
aircraft,
spacecraft,
and related topics. Aerospace Engineering was originally known as
aeronautical engineering and dealt solely with aircraft. The
broader term "aerospace engineering" has superseded the former in
most usage, as flight technology advanced to include craft operating
outside
Earth's
atmosphere.
In analogy with "aeronautical engineering", the branch is sometimes
referred to as
astronautical engineering,
although this term usually only concerns craft which operate in
outer space.
Aerospace engineering is often informally called
rocket science
in popular culture.
Civil
engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Civil engineering is a
professional engineering
discipline that deals with the design and construction of the
physical and natural built environment, including works such as
bridges,
roads,
canals,
dams and
buildings.[1][2][3]
Civil engineering is the oldest
engineering
discipline after
military engineering,
and it was defined to distinguish it from military engineering.
It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including
environmental engineering,
geotechnical engineering,
structural engineering,
transportation engineering,
water resources engineering,
materials engineering,
coastal engineering,
surveying,
urban planning,
and
construction engineering.
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